Enzyme-Activated Prodrug-Based Smart Liposomes Specifically Enhance Tumor Hemoperfusion with Efficient Drug Delivery to Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Stellate Cells

Tumor-specific enhanced delivery of chemotherapeutics and modulators to tumor cells and activated pancreatic stellate cells (aPSCs), respectively, represents safer and more effective therapy for pancreatic cancer. Herein, a membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP)-cleavable spacer is used to assemble low-density cRGDfK onto thermosensitive liposomes loaded with phosphorylated calcipotriol (PCAL) and doxorubicin (DOX), yielding MR-T-PD. The liposome-linked cRGDfK prodrug on MR-T-PD surface is first activated by MT1-MMP, which is selectively expressed on tumor endothelial cells, to release cRGDfK. The free cRGDfK specifically promotes tumor angiogenesis, leading to 3.4-fold higher accumulation and a wider distribution of MR-T-PD in tumors. Furthermore, MR-T-PD rapidly releases PCAL and DOX into the interstitium under heat treatment. The released DOX enters tumor cells to induce apoptosis, whereas the PCAL prodrug is converted to CAL by alkaline phosphatase on the surface of aPSCs; CAL can then enter aPSCs to induce quiescence and promote the antitumor effect of DOX. Finally, by enhancing the exposure of DOX and CAL to tumor cells and aPSCs, respectively, in a tumor-specific manner, MR-T-PD exerts superior efficacy (a 5.9-fold decrease in tumor weight) without causing additional side effects. Overall, this prodrug-based smart liposome system represents a promising paradigm for pancreatic cancer therapy.     

Direct View on the Origin of High Li+ Transfer Impedance in All-Solid-State Battery

Large interfacial resistance plays a dominant role in the performance of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. However, the mechanism of interfacial resistance has been under debate. Here, the Li⁺ transport at the interfacial region is investigated to reveal the origin of the high Li⁺ transfer impedance in a LiCoO₂(LCO)/LiPON/Pt all-solid-state battery. Both an unexpected nanocrystalline layer and a structurally disordered transition layer are discovered to be inherent to the LCO/LiPON interface. Under electrochemical conditions, the nanocrystalline layer with insufficient electrochemical stability leads to the introduction of voids during electrochemical cycles, which is the origin of the high Li⁺ transfer impedance at solid electrolyte-electrode interfaces. In addition, at relatively low temperatures, the oxygen vacancies migration in the transition layer results in the formation of Co₃O₄ nanocrystalline layer with nanovoids, which contributes to the high Li⁺ transfer impedance. This work sheds light on the mechanism for the high interfacial resistance and promotes overcoming the interfacial issues in all-solid-state batteries.     

对电视媒体与社交媒体融合转型的思考

随着我国经济的快速发展,各行业都在发生巨大变革,电视媒体同样也在寻求新的发展方向.当下年轻群体最认可的社交媒体,已然成为社会关注重点.社交媒体具有强大的社交能力,可以对更多受众产生吸引力,构成良性发展条件.以此为切入点,研究电视媒体和社交媒体在融合与转型方面的相关内容,旨在为我国传媒行业的健康发展贡献力量.     

Ablative Radiotherapy Reprograms the Tumor Microenvironment of a Pancreatic Tumor in Favoring the Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy

The low overall survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer has driven research to seek a new therapeutic protocol. Radiotherapy (RT) is frequently an option in the neoadjuvant or palliative settings for pancreatic cancer treatment. This study explored the effect of RT protocols on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their consequent impact on anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) therapy. Using a murine orthotopic pancreatic tumor model, UN-KC-6141, RT-disturbed TME was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that ablative RT is more effective than fractionated RT at recruiting T cells. On the other hand, fractionated RT induces more myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration than ablative RT. The RT-disturbed TME presents a higher perfusion rate per vessel. The increase in vessel perfusion is associated with a higher amount of anti-PD-L1 antibody being delivered to the tumor. Animal survival is increased by anti-PD-L1 therapy after ablative RT, with 67% of treated animals surviving more than 30 days after tumor inoculation compared to a median survival time of 16.5 days for the control group. Splenocytes isolated from surviving animals were specifically cytotoxic for UN-KC-6141 cells. We conclude that the ablative RT-induced TME is more suited than conventional RT-induced TME to combination therapy with immune checkpoint blockade.     

On the Catalytic Activity of Sn Monomers and Dimers at Graphene Edges and the Synchronized Edge Dependence of Diffusing Atoms in Sn Dimers

In this study, in situ transmission electron microscopy is performed to study the interaction between single (monomer) and paired (dimer) Sn atoms at graphene edges. The results reveal that a single Sn atom can catalyze both the growth and etching of graphene by the addition and removal of C atoms respectively. Additionally, the frequencies of the energetically favorable configurations of an Sn atom at a graphene edge, calculated using density functional theory calculations, are compared with experimental observations and are found to be in good agreement. The remarkable dynamic processes of binary atoms (dimers) are also investigated and is the first such study to the best of the knowledge. Dimer diffusion along the graphene edges depends on the graphene edge termination. Atom pairs (dimers) involving an armchair configuration tend to diffuse with a synchronized shuffling (step-wise shift) action, while dimer diffusion at zigzag edge terminations show a strong propensity to collapse the dimer with each atom diffusing in opposite directions (monomer formation). Moreover, the data reveals the role of C feedstock availability on the choice a single Sn atom makes in terms of graphene growth or etching. This study advances the understanding single atom catalytic activity at graphene edges.     

Joint impact of CEE and IQI on NOMA with full-duplex relaying system

Wireless Networks - This paper considers the performance of non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) with full-duplex (FD) relaying system in the presence of two practical undesirable defects, namely...     

Distributed dictionary learning for industrial process monitoring with big data

Applied Intelligence - With the development of sensor and communication technology, industrial systems have accumulated a large amount of data. This data has provided new perspectives and methods...     

Mimic Drug Dosage Modulation for Neuroplasticity Based on Charge-Trap Layered Electronics

The human brain is often likened to an incredibly complex and intricate computer, rather than electrical devices, consisting of billions of neuronal cells connected by synapses. Different brain circuits are responsible for coordinating and performing specific functions. The reward pathway of the synaptic plasticity in the brain is strongly related to the features of both drug addiction and relief. In the current study, a synaptic device based on layered hafnium disulfide (HfS₂) is developed for the first time, to emulate the behavioral mechanisms of drug dosage modulation for neuroplasticity. A strong gate-dependent persistent photocurrent is observed, arising from the modulation of substrate-trapping events. By controlling the polarity of gate voltage, the basic functions of biological synapses are realized under a range of light spiking conditions. Furthermore, under the control of detrapping/trapping events at the HfS₂/SiO₂ interface, positive/negative correlations of the A_n/A₁ index, which significantly reflected the weight change of synaptic plasticity, are realized under the same stimulation conditions for the emulation of the drug-related addition/relief behaviors in the brain. The findings provide a new advance for mimicking human brain plasticity.     

Emerging Plasmonic Assemblies Triggered by DNA for Biomedical Applications

Plasmonic gold nanocrystal represents plasmonic metal nanomaterials, and has a variety of unique and beneficial properties, such as optical signal enhancement, catalytic activity, and photothermal properties tuned by local temperature, which are useful in physical, chemical, and biological applications. In addition, the inherent properties of predictable programmability, sequence specificity, and structural plasticity provide DNA nanostructures with precise controllability, spatial addressability, and targeting recognition, serving as ideal ligands to link or position building blocks during the self-assembly process. Self-assembly is a common technique for the organization of prefabricated and discrete nanoparticle blocks for the construction of extremely sophisticated nanocomposites. To this end, the integration of DNA nanotechnology with Au nanomaterials, followed by assembly of DNA-functionalized Au nanomaterials can form novel functional Au nanomaterials that are difficult to obtain through conventional methods. Here, recent progress in DNA-assembled Au nanostructures of various shapes is summarized, and their functions are discussed. The fabrication strategies that employ DNA for the self-assembly of Au nanostructures, including dimers, tetramers, satellites, nanochains, and other nanostructures with more complex geometric configurations are first described. Then, the characteristic optical properties and applications of biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapy are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects are elucidated.     

Mechanical and dielectric properties of functionalized boron nitride nanosheets/silicon nitride composites

Uniformly dispersed boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) reinforced silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) composites were prepared by surface modification assisted flocculation combined with SPS sintering. In order to improve the dispersibility of the BNNSs in the composites, the liquid phase stripped BNNSs are surface functionalized by a two-step covalently modification. The amino-modified BNNSs (NH₂-BNNSs) and Si₃N₄ powders have opposite surface potential, mixed evenly by electrostatic interaction during flocculation. The results showed that mechanical properties of Si₃N₄ composites were obviously enhanced by adding NH₂-BNNSs. The fracture toughness and bending strength of Si₃N₄ composites added 0.75 wt% NH₂-BNNSs were increased by 34% and 28%, respectively, compared with monolithic Si₃N₄. Toughening mechanisms are synergistic action of the torn, pull-out or bridging of BNNSs and crack deflection mechanisms with microstructural analyzes. The dielectric properties of the Si₃N₄ ceramics are also improved after the addition of NH₂-BNNSs.